E3DA24
Definition of an Emotion — Part III
Latin
Misericordia est amor quatenus hominem ita afficit ut ex bono alterius gaudeat et contra ut ex alterius malo contristetur.
Explicatio: Cæterum de invidia vide scholium propositionis 24 et scholium propositionis 32 hujus. Atque hi affectus lætitiæ et tristitiæ sunt quos idea rei externæ comitatur tanquam causa per se vel per accidens. Hinc ad alios transeo quos idea rei internæ comitatur tanquam causa.
English (Elwes 1883)
Sympathy (misericordia) is love, in so far as it induces a man to feel pleasure at another's good fortune, and pain at another's evil fortune.
Explanation: Concerning envy see the notes to III. xxiv. and xxxii. These emotions also arise from pleasure or pain accompanied by the idea of something external, as cause either in itself or accidentally. I now pass on to other emotions, which are accompanied by the idea of something within as a cause.
Modern English
Compassion is love insofar as it affects a person so that they feel joy at another's good fortune and, conversely, sadness at another's misfortune.
For envy, see the Scholium of Proposition 24 and the Scholium of Proposition 32 of this Part (E3P24S) (E3P32S). These are the affects of joy and sadness accompanied by the idea of an external thing as cause, whether in itself or incidentally. I now pass to those affects accompanied by the idea of an internal thing as cause.