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Definition of an Emotion — Part III
Latin
Invidia est odium quatenus hominem ita afficit ut ex alterius felicitate contristetur et contra ut ex alterius malo gaudeat.
Explicatio: Invidiæ opponitur communiter misericordia quæ proinde invita vocabuli significatione sic definiri potest.
English (Elwes 1883)
Envy is hatred, in so far as it induces a man to be pained by another's good fortune, and to rejoice in another's evil fortune.
Explanation: Envy is generally opposed to sympathy, which, by doing some violence to the meaning of the word, may therefore be thus defined:
Modern English
Envy is hatred insofar as it affects a person so that they feel sadness at another's good fortune and, conversely, joy at another's misfortune.
Envy is commonly opposed to compassion, which can accordingly be defined as follows, though the word's ordinary meaning must be stretched somewhat.