E3P38D
Demonstration — Part III
Latin
Nam si quis rem quam amat, odio habere incipit, plures ejus appetitus coercentur quam si eandem non amavisset. Amor namque lætitia est (per scholium propositionis 13 hujus) quam homo quantum potest (per propositionem 28 hujus) conservare conatur idque (per idem scholium) rem amatam ut præsentem contemplando eandemque (per propositionem 21 hujus) lætitia quantum potest afficiendo, qui quidem conatus (per propositionem præcedentem) eo est major quo amor major est ut et conatus efficiendi ut res amata ipsum contra amet (vide propositionem 33 hujus). At hi conatus odio erga rem amatam coercentur (per corollarium propositionis 13 et per propositionem 23 hujus); ergo amans (per scholium propositionis 11 hujus) hac etiam de causa tristitia afficietur et eo majore quo amor major fuerat hoc est præter tristitiam quæ odii fuit causa, alia ex eo oritur quod rem amavit et consequenter majore tristitiæ affectu rem amatam contemplabitur hoc est (per scholium propositionis 13 hujus) majore odio prosequetur quam si eandem non amavisset et eo majore quo amor major fuerat. Q.E.D.
English (Elwes 1883)
If a man begins to hate that which he had loved, more of his appetites are put under restraint than if he had never loved it. For love is a pleasure (III. xiii. note) which a man endeavours as far as he can to render permanent (III. xxviii.); he does so by regarding the object of his love as present, and by affecting it as far as he can pleasurably; this endeavour is greater in proportion as the love is greater, and so also is the endeavour to bring about that the beloved should return his affection (III. xxxiii.). Now these endeavours are constrained by hatred towards the object of love (III. xiii. Coroll. and III. xxiii.); wherefore the lover (III. xi. note) will for this cause also be affected with pain, the more so in proportion as his love has been greater; that is, in addition to the pain caused by hatred, there is a pain caused by the fact that he has loved the object; wherefore the lover will regard the beloved with greater pain, or in other words, will hate it more than if he had never loved it, and with the more intensity in proportion as his former love was greater. Q.E.D.
Modern English
Whoever begins to hate the thing he loved has more of his desires constrained than he would if he had never loved it. Love is joy (E3P13S), and a person strives as much as he can to preserve that joy (E3P28) — by contemplating the loved thing as present (E3P13S), and by affecting it with joy as much as possible (E3P21). This striving is greater in proportion as the love is greater, as is the striving to make the loved thing love him in return (E3P33). But these strivings are constrained by hatred toward the loved thing (E3P13C). The lover is therefore affected with sadness for this reason as well (E3P11S), and the more so the greater his love was, that is, over and above the sadness that was the cause of the hatred, another sadness arises from the fact that he had loved it. He will consequently contemplate the loved thing with greater sadness, that is (E3P13S), with greater hatred than if he had never loved it, and greater in proportion as his former love was greater. Q.E.D.