E3P35S
Scholium — Part III
Latin
Hoc odium erga rem amatam invidiæ junctum zelotypia vocatur, quæ proinde nihil aliud est quam animi fluctuatio orta ex amore et odio simul concomitante idea alterius cui invidetur. Præterea hoc odium erga rem amatam majus erit pro ratione lætitiæ qua zelotypus ex reciproco rei amatæ amore solebat affici et etiam pro ratione affectus quo erga illum quem sibi rem amatam jungere imaginatur, affectus erat. Nam si eum oderat, eo ipso rem amatam (per propositionem 24 hujus) odio habebit quia ipsam id quod ipse odio habet, lætitia afficere imaginatur et etiam (per corollarium propositionis 15 hujus) ex eo quod rei amatæ imaginem imagini ejus quem odit, jungere cogitur, quæ ratio plerumque locum habet in amore erga fæminam; qui enim imaginatur mulierem quam amat alteri sese prostituere, non solum ex eo quod ipsius appetitus coercetur, contristabitur sed etiam quia rei amatæ imaginem pudendis et excrementis alterius jungere cogitur, eandem aversatur; ad quod denique accedit quod zelotypus non eodem vultu quem res amata ei præbere solebat, ab eadem excipiatur, qua etiam de causa amans contristatur, ut jam ostendam.
English (Elwes 1883)
This hatred towards an object of love joined with envy is called Jealousy, which accordingly is nothing else but a wavering of the disposition arising from combined love and hatred, accompanied by the idea of some rival who is envied. Further, this hatred towards the object of love will be greater, in proportion to the pleasure which the jealous man had been wont to derive from the reciprocated love of the said object; and also in proportion to the feelings he had previously entertained towards his rival. If he had hated him, he will forthwith hate the object of his love, because he conceives it is pleasurably affected by one whom he himself hates: and also because he is compelled to associate the image of his loved one with the image of him whom he hates. This condition generally comes into play in the case of love for a woman: for he who thinks, that a woman whom he loves prostitutes herself to another, will feel pain, not only because his own desire is restrained, but also because, being compelled to associate the image of her he loves with the parts of shame and the excreta of another, he therefore shrinks from her.
We must add, that a jealous man is not greeted by his beloved with the same joyful countenance as before, and this also gives him pain as a lover, as I will now show.
Modern English
This hatred toward the beloved joined with envy is called jealousy, which is nothing other than a wavering of the mind arising from love and hatred together, accompanied by the idea of another toward whom one is envious.
This hatred toward the beloved will be greater in proportion to the joy the jealous person used to draw from the reciprocal love of the beloved, and also in proportion to the affect he had previously toward the one he imagines joining the beloved to himself. For if he had hated him, he will straightway hate the beloved (E3P24) because he imagines that the beloved affects with joy what he himself hates, and also (E3P15C) because he is compelled to join the image of the beloved with the image of the one he hates.
This mostly arises in love toward a woman. He who imagines that the woman he loves gives herself to another will be saddened not only because his appetite is checked, but also because he is compelled to join the image of the beloved with the private parts and excretions of the other, and he recoils from her. To which, finally, is added that a jealous man is no longer received by the beloved with the same expression she used to show him — a further cause of sadness for the lover, as I will now show.