E4P53D
Demonstration — Part IV
Latin
Humilitas est tristitia quæ ex eo oritur quod homo suam impotentiam contemplatur (per 26 affectuum definitionem). Quatenus autem homo se ipsum vera ratione cognoscit eatenus suam essentiam intelligere supponitur hoc est (per propositionem 7 partis III) suam potentiam. Quare si homo dum se ipsum contemplatur, aliquam suam impotentiam percipit, id non ex eo est quod se intelligit sed (ut propositione 55 partis III ostendimus) ex eo quod ipsius agendi potentia coercetur. Quod si supponamus hominem suam impotentiam concipere ex eo quod aliquid se potentius intelligit cujus cognitione suam agendi potentiam determinat, tum nihil aliud concipimus quam quod homo se ipsum distincte intelligit sive (per propositionem 26 hujus) quod ipsius agendi potentia juvatur. Quare humilitas seu tristitia quæ ex eo oritur quod homo suam impotentiam contemplatur, non ex vera contemplatione seu ratione oritur nec virtus sed passio est. Q.E.D.
English (Elwes 1883)
Humility is pain arising from a man's contemplation of his own infirmities (Def. of the Emotions, xxvi.). But, in so far as a man knows himself by true reason, he is assumed to understand his essence, that is, his power (III. vii.). Wherefore, if a man in self--contemplation perceives any infirmity in himself, it is not by virtue of his understanding himself, but (III. lv.) by virtue of his power of activity being checked. But, if we assume that a man perceives his own infirmity by virtue of understanding something stronger than himself, by the knowledge of which he determines his own power of activity, this is the same as saying that we conceive that a man understands himself distinctly (IV. xxvi.), because[14] his power of activity is aided. Wherefore humility, or the pain which arises from a man's contemplation of his own infirmity, does not arise from the contemplation or reason, and is not a virtue but a passion. Q.E.D.
[14] Land reads: "Quod ipsius agendi potentia juvatur"--which I have translated above. He suggests as alternative readings to 'quod', 'quo' (= whereby) and 'quodque' (= and that).
Modern English
Humility is sadness arising from a person's contemplation of his own powerlessness (E3DA26). Insofar as a person knows himself by true reason, he is taken to understand his own essence, that is (E3P7), his own power. So when a person, in contemplating himself, perceives some powerlessness in himself, this comes not from his understanding himself but (E3P55) from his power of action being checked.
If we suppose instead that a person conceives his own powerlessness because he understands something more powerful than himself, and by that knowledge determines his power of action, then we are conceiving nothing other than that the person understands himself distinctly — that is (E4P26), his power of action is aided. Humility, then — the sadness arising from contemplating one's powerlessness — does not arise from true contemplation or reason. It is a passion, not a virtue. Q.E.D.