E3P22S
Scholium — Part III
Latin
Propositio 21 nobis explicat quid sit commiseratio quam definire possumus quod sit tristitia orta ex alterius damno. Quo autem nomine appellanda sit lætitia quæ ex alterius bono oritur, nescio. Porro amorem erga illum qui alteri bene fecit, favorem et contra odium erga illum qui alteri male fecit, indignationem appellabimus. Denique notandum nos non tantum misereri rei quam amavimus (ut in propositione 21 ostendimus) sed etiam ejus quam antea nullo affectu prosecuti sumus modo eam nobis similem judicemus (ut infra ostendam) atque adeo ei etiam favere qui simili bene fecit et contra in eum indignari qui simili damnum intulit.
English (Elwes 1883)
Prop. xxi. explains to us the nature of Pity, which we may define as pain arising from another's hurt. What term we can use for pleasure arising from another's gain, I know not.
We will call the love towards him who confers a benefit on another, Approval; and the hatred towards him who injures another, we will call Indignation. We must further remark, that we not only feel pity for a thing which we have loved (as shown in III. xxi.), but also for a thing which we have hitherto regarded without emotion, provided that we deem that it resembles ourselves (as I will show presently). Thus, we bestow approval on one who has benefited anything resembling ourselves, and, contrariwise, are indignant with him who has done it an injury.
Modern English
Proposition 21 explains pity, which we may define as the sadness arising from another's harm. I do not know what name to give the joy that arises from another's good.
We will call love toward one who has benefited another approval, and hatred toward one who has harmed another indignation. Finally, note that we pity not only a thing we have loved (as shown in P21), but also a thing we have previously regarded with no affect, provided we judge it similar to ourselves (as I will show below). We accordingly approve of one who has benefited something similar to us, and feel indignation toward one who has harmed it (E3P21).